The brazilian previdence reality before the “reform” of the security payment in 2019

Abstract

In the context of the neoliberal “reforms” carried out since the rupture of the constitutional order of 2016, this study highlights the relevance of Social Security from different approaches, that is, the social, political and economic dimensions of the social security system. The time line passes the last pension "reform", initiated in 2016 and promulgated in 2019, in which it is confirmed that it has fulfilled its alleged purposes: to reduce the supposed deficit and to combat privileges, or that it would lead to greater fiscal and social equity. Over time, in all the previously attempted reforms, there have been repetitions of two arguments regarding the justifications and proposed alterations, the case of the time of contribution and the minimum age as imperatives to be adopted due to the deficit between contributions and settlements. Therefore, as for the reasons, or the alleged social security “diamond”, parallel to the greater longevity of the population, they occupy a central role in the pro-reform discourse, here taken as a “counter-reform” for antagonizing the principles of CF/88. It should be highlighted the other counter-reforms that have contributed to the lack of social financing: labor, social spending and the independent Central Bank, among others. The current theoretical perspective does not conceive of “corporate government” (Dardot and Laval, 2016), for an understanding of the general picture of neoliberal “reforms”, and no detailed study of the “counter-reform” of the Social Security (Fagnani, 2019). The methodology encompassed descriptive-explanatory research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results make it possible to infer that the 2019 reform did not achieve the published results, because the deficit grew continuously and the difference between the number of requirements compared to the concessions of settlements is substantially discrepant. Furthermore, the significant social inequalities existing in the country were not mitigated, on the contrary, after the approval of the “counter-reform” there was an increase in inequality, notably among the poorest, tending in view of the transfer of income made possible by the social security system.